APPLICATION OF PILOTLESS AIRCRAFT FOR PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF EMERGENCIES: WORLD EXPERIENCE

Abstract

The article examines the experience and trends in the use of pilotless aircraft by countries around the world in the interests of forecasting, prevention and detection of emergencies, which allows "transport" them to the platform of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the interests of creating pilotless aircraft.

The aim of the work was to determine global approaches to the use of pilotless aircraft in the interests of forecasting, prevention and detection of emergencies.

Based on the results of the analysis of world experience, the predominant features of pilotless aircraft in relation to manned ones are determined according to various indicators. Shows the economic damage caused by emergencies over a long period of time around the world. Attention is drawn to the implementation of terrorist threats, which have a dynamic growth. It is concluded that the variety of sources makes special demands on technologies for forecasting, prevention and detection of emergencies, which is especially important when assessing the occurrence of cascading emergencies by type of "domino effect".

It is determined that one of the effective ways to obtain information for forecasting, prevention and detection of emergencies is monitoring, during which the state of the environment, critical and potentially dangerous objects are monitored. It is shown that wide application of aviation and space technologies for monitoring allows to receive information in various ranges of wavelengths of an electromagnetic spectrum and in due time to use it for long-term and short-term forecasts. The advantages of monitoring with the use of pilotless aircraft is identified, as well as the disadvantages inherent in manned aviation and space photography.

The results of the research allow us to draw the following conclusions: the most successful direction for solving the problems of emergency monitoring is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles; the effectiveness of the use of drones for forecasting, prevention and detection of emergencies is confirmed by the results of high-quality and efficient implementation of a number of different tasks of air monitoring.

Areas of further research should include: study of current experience and trends in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the world in the elimination of emergencies and assessment of losses from them; research of ways to counteract amateur drones during emergencies, etc.