DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF SAMPLING FOR CONTROL OF HAZARDS OF CHEMICAL AND RADIOACTIVE ORIGIN IN EMERGENCIES

Abstract

The purpose of conducting research on this work is to increase the efficiency of SES during the elimination of the consequences of emergencies of chemical and radioactive origin. The quality of the control of the situation in the event of various accidents and catastrophes, which are associated with the circulation of hazardous substances, largely depends on the methods of sampling for analysis. Since the measurement of the composition of the laboratory sample during the control, as a rule, is preceded by experimental operations of sampling and preparation of samples, its incorrect sampling significantly affects the reliability of the control results. Therefore, the development of recommendations for sampling to control hazards of chemical and radioactive origin is an urgent and important task for practical units of SES of Ukraine. Based on our analysis, we have proposed a sampling procedure for the control of hazards of chemical and radioactive origin, which contains both European and Ukrainian standards for sampling. The general structure of regulatory documents on sampling is approximately the same and describes the area of use, equipment, sampling procedure and selection of sampling points, methods, transportation and storage of samples, registration and labeling of samples. The sampling procedure should always be preceded by the stage of developing a sampling program. The program must clearly define the location and frequency of sampling (number of samples). The choice of sampling method for the detection of hazardous chemicals depends on the physical state of the substance or material (soil (other bulk materials), water, air). The paper describes the sequence of actions, tools and mandatory operations in the sampling of powdered substances, snow, soil, air, water and radioactive substances. The mechanism of decontamination of the personnel of the operative and rescue service of the civil defense is described.