ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF WATER FIRE WAYS TO REDUCE THEIR NEGATIVE IMPACT

  • А. G. Alekseev Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine
  • G. I. Yelagin Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine
  • Nakonechnyj V. V. Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine
  • Nuianzin O. M. Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine
  • М. А. Kutsenko Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine
Keywords: ecological safety, fire, oil and oil products, extinguishing agents, maritime transport

Abstract

The spillage of oil and petroleum products on the surface of the reservoir leads to The spill of oil and oil products on the surface of the reservoir leads to environmental disasters, and its burning causes additional damage to the environment. Several tools have been created to collect data on liquids spilled on the surface of a reservoir. But they can not be used during fires, in addition, the residue from oil burning floats in the water column and makes ineffective means of collecting spilled oil. The article considers four types of currently known means of extinguishing fires with oil spilled on the surface of the sea. Their disadvantages are shown under these conditions. So, the main disadvantage of the coolant is the impossibility of using water to extinguish fires of liquids, which have a specific gravity lower than water. Water is immersed under the surface of the liquid and the combustion zone is left without a means of stopping combustion. Gaseous extinguishing is suitable only in confined spaces. In open spaces it is impossible to create the necessary concentration of inert gas. The same drawback relates to the cessation of combustion of gaseous halogen-substituted hydrocarbons. Foams as insulating extinguishing agents, although they are used to extinguish flammable liquids, have the following disadvantages: they cannot be supplied at a considerable distance, the surfactants of the foaming agent are dangerous for the environment and form an oil emulsion in seawater, which subsequently significantly reduces the separation efficiency .

The study solved the problem of extinguishing fires of liquids on the water surface by developing a tool based on fire extinguishing salt, immobilized with a thin layer on the inner surface of the porous carrier. Exfoliated vermiculite, or sawdust of wood, is used as a carrier. As a fire extinguishing component - ammonium and diammonium phosphate. Such funds can be located for a long enough time on the surface of the reservoir, that is, in the combustion zone, are usually inexpensive and completely harmless.

Author Biographies

А. G. Alekseev, Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

candidate of chemical sciences, associate professor, professor of the department of civil defense organization

G. I. Yelagin, Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

candidate of chemical sciences, SRF, Civil Security Innovation Research Laboratory Engineer

Nakonechnyj V. V., Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

PhD, docent

Nuianzin O. M., Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

канд. техн. наук

М. А. Kutsenko, Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

candidate of Economic sciences, associate professor, deputy chief Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chernobyl Heroes

Published
2019-12-23
Issue
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2019): Collection of Scientific Papers of Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine «Emergency Situations: Prevention and Liquidation»
Section
Статті